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Michelangelo transformed the Frigidarium of the ancient Terme di Diocleziano (Baths of Diocletian) into the Basilica of St. Mary of the Angels and the Martyrs. Completed in 1566, it is located on the Piazza della Repubblica in Rome.
No effort has ever been made to refurbish the exterior from its original Roman ruins, unspoiled primitive. Michelangelo raised the floor 28 meters, reducing the grandeur of the space for the sake of accessibility. Most ceilings are simple white vaults and the plan is a simple cross shape with a transept and transverse nave. This cathedral isn't about splendor.
Though the exterior gives little hint of the sacred space inside, the church's location is vital in its later function as it lies on the meridian line. In competition to the Bologna cathedral, Pope Clement XI commissioned Francesco Bianchini to build a meridian line in the basilica, a resurgence of the ancient temple's function as sundial for the sun, moon, and stars.
Lines and apertures map solstices and the paths of the stars. The diffracted light shining onto the floor below the dome at certain places renders a more intrinsic and meaningful space than any decoration or mass could achieve.
Video: About Michelangelo , Interior , Solar transit
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